World Gaming Magazine

31 WGM #57 2018/04 wgm8.com 有人说，花旗骰是娱乐场最引人入 胜的游戏，而在有些人看来，这个 游戏扑朔迷离又晦涩难懂。WGM本 期来追溯一下这个极能带动气氛的 娱乐场游戏的发展历史。 For some it represents the most fun one can have on a casino floor, for others it is a confusing jumble of numbers, betting options and phrases. WGM takes a look at the history of the highly social casino game Craps. 人 们用骰子来博彩的历史已有数千年之久。罗马 人、埃及人、美国印第安人和韩国人都以各种不 同的形式来玩骰子。 很多人认为，骰子游戏是在十字军东征后在欧洲兴 起，因为骑士们不仅带回了黄金、热带水果和香料，还引 进了Azzahr游戏这样的阿拉伯骰子游戏。Azzahr以及欧 洲的Hazard都与花旗骰（Craps）有相似之处。两个游戏 都可以说是我们今日所熟知的花旗骰的前身。 与几乎所有的娱乐场游戏一样，关于游戏如何发展成 我们现在所了解和喜爱的游戏，大家众说纷纭。在博彩史 上常被提起的一个群体是疯狂的法国贵族赌客。18 世纪 时，他们做任何事都要打赌。法国大革命来临前，他们当 中很多人都因为过于奢华无忧的生活而掉了脑袋。 多数博彩历史学家认为，游戏名称来源于「Crabs」 一词的法语发音，也就是较早版本的Hazard游戏。亦有少 数人认为，游戏最初被称作「Crapauds」，法语中指蟾 蜍，因为玩家的姿态像蟾蜍。但也有人说，因英国人将居 住在新奥尔良喜爱骰子的克利奥尔人称为蟾蜍，所以蟾蜍 才与骰子联系起来。 T he history of gambling dice games is a long one, as dice have been used to gamble for thousands of years. Romans, Egyptians, American Indians and Koreans were all big dice players in some form or another. Many believe that dice games rose in popularity in Europe after the Crusades, as the Knights not only brought home gold, exotic fruits and spices – they also returned with popular Arabian dice games like Azzahr. Azzahr and the European dice game Hazard both have similarities to Craps and both games could lay claim to giving birth to the popular modern day casino game that we know today. Like nearly all casino games, there are a few different stories about how craps developed into the game we know and love. The one group that always seemed to have their noses right in the mix of gambling history were those gambling crazy French aristocrats. In the 1700s they were gambling on anything and everything – before the Revolution came and chopped off most of their heads for their carefree lifestyle. Most gambling historians believe that the name of the game came from the French pronunciation of the word “Crabs” which was an earlier version of the game of Hazard. A minority believe that the game was originally called “Crapauds” after the toad – due to the toad-like position of its players. Some say, however, that the toad’s link to the story is because the English labelled the dice-loving Creoles living in New Orleans as “Toads”. Where there is little argument is that the game, as we know it today, is as American as apple pie. In the early 1800s the game was simplified. Two men are consistently mentioned in the history of craps: New Orleans entrepreneur and gambler, Bernard de Mandeville, who created simplified uniform rules for the game that saw it spread through the US on the back of the famous Mississippi gambling steamboats; and John H Winn, who then revolutionized the game by making it possible for players to bet right or wrong – which meant that bets on throwers to lose could also be accepted. This made it harder for scammers to use weighted dice to cheat in the game. Once gambling became legalized in 1931 in Las Vegas, Craps became the most recognizable of all table games. Casinos love it as it creates atmosphere and it has also been a favorite for Hollywood movie makers, who love to use the